{"id":8510,"date":"2017-05-21T08:39:19","date_gmt":"2017-05-21T12:39:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/?p=8510"},"modified":"2017-05-21T12:35:17","modified_gmt":"2017-05-21T16:35:17","slug":"the-need-for-a-shutter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/the-need-for-a-shutter\/","title":{"rendered":"The Need for a Shutter in the 1890s"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>

My c1895 POCO 4×5 camera with a UNICUM shutter and a RR Lens<\/p><\/div>\n

Toronto<\/strong>. I have a POCO<\/a> 4×5 made by Rochester Camera Co. in the 1890s. This camera uses the dry plates<\/a> that led to the early success of George Eastman. When Richard Maddox of England invented a successful dry plate formula in 1871, it led to the so-called instantaneous or sub-second photograph. Until the dry plate and later film became popular it was customary to use a lens cap or even a hat as a “shutter” since most photographs took a few seconds or more in broad daylight for a decent exposure.<\/p>\n

With the advent of rapid dry plates, a formal shutter became necessary. My camera uses a Bausch and Lomb UNICUM<\/a> shutter surrounding a rapid rectilinear lens. The dainty device\u00a0\u00a0allows a photographer to set his\u00a0shutter speed to 1, 1\/2, 1\/5, 1\/25, 1\/60, or 1\/100 of a second plus T and B (Time and Bulb). Focussing is by bellows and a ground (frosted) glass plate viewed without a dry plate inserted, shutter set to B\u00a0and held or set to T, and the camera’s back opened. The camera has a waist level viewfinder with a tiny ball to level the camera on a tripod.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toronto. I have a POCO 4×5 made by Rochester Camera Co. in the 1890s. This camera uses the dry plates that led to the early success of George Eastman. When Richard Maddox of England invented a successful dry plate formula … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[1147,401,1146,1145,1143,1144],"class_list":["post-8510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-camera","tag-dry-plate","tag-lens","tag-poco","tag-rapid-rectilinear","tag-rochester-camera-co","tag-unicum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8510"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8530,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8510\/revisions\/8530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}