{"id":10115,"date":"2017-11-23T08:08:37","date_gmt":"2017-11-23T12:08:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/?p=10115"},"modified":"2017-11-23T01:52:43","modified_gmt":"2017-11-23T05:52:43","slug":"a-frenchman-succeeds-in-fixing-a-sun-drawing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/a-frenchman-succeeds-in-fixing-a-sun-drawing\/","title":{"rendered":"A Frenchman succeeds in fixing a sun drawing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_10116\" style=\"width: 174px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Nicephore-Niepce.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10116\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10116\" src=\"http:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Nicephore-Niepce-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"164\" height=\"225\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-10116\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nic\u00e9phore_Ni\u00e9pce\">Nic\u00e9phore Niepce<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Toronto<\/strong>. Niepce was a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.photo-museum.org\/procede-photomecanique-bitume-niepce\/\">lithographer<\/a> with a poor skill in drawing. To overcome this impediment, he tried various means to capture an image on a metal plate. He had initially tried paper and a silver-chloride solution a la Wedgwood, but he too could not keep the paper from going black.<\/p>\n<p>His fresh egg was a solution of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bitumen_of_Judea\">bitumen of Judea<\/a> (asphalt) and solvent to make a varnish coating on a metal plate.The varnish was light sensitive.\u00a0After a long exposure to sunlight hardened the varnish not shaded, a wash of petroleum and lavender oil removed the softer unexposed parts leaving a negative representation of the subject on the metal plate.<\/p>\n<p>The first successful <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heliography\"><em>heliograph<\/em><\/a>\u00a0image was announced in 1822 and later commemorated in his home town of Saint-Loup-de-Varennes with a stone monument. The earliest photograph or <em>heliograph<\/em> created in a <em>camera obscura<\/em> was a scene of his back yard taken in 1826\/7 \u00a0from an upstairs window in his house. The plate is now in the Gernsheim collection at the University of Texas.<\/p>\n<p>Sadly, his process was faint, contrasty, and extremely slow (hours in bright sunlight). He later collaborated with another Frenchman to make the process practical but died before success was achieved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Toronto. Niepce was a lithographer with a poor skill in drawing. To overcome this impediment, he tried various means to capture an image on a metal plate. He had initially tried paper and a silver-chloride solution a la Wedgwood, but &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/a-frenchman-succeeds-in-fixing-a-sun-drawing\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[1567,1569,1565,1568,1566],"class_list":["post-10115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-processes","tag-bitumen-of-judea","tag-camera-obscura","tag-heliograph","tag-nicephore-niepce","tag-pewter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10115"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10120,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10115\/revisions\/10120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phsc.ca\/camera\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}