you scratch my back …

LFE ad for a Revere 1966 camera offer by Scotch Tape (USA only).

Toronto. … and I’ll scratch yours. Or so the saying goes. In an August 5th, 1966 ad on page 71 of LIFE magazine, Scotch tape maker 3M in Minnesota collaborated with camera maker Revere to offer a Kodak 126 cartridge camera for just $3.95 US plus a plaid tab from  a roll of Scotch tape.

The offer was, “Not good in Canada”. While LIFE magazine was sold here, its contents, editorial and commercial, were solidly American. Many of the products advertised in LIFE were also sold here from branch offices or separate companies. Some goods were manufactured here, others imported, either in parts or fully assembled.

Revere, better know for inexpensive 8mm movie cameras, made a few still cameras too. The camera offered, a “Revere Automatic 500”, was nothing more than a glorified box camera. Other models of the camera offered a flash cube mechanism and an exposure meter. The limitation to American addresses usually indicated the products were distributed in Canada by an independent company who elected not to offer the same “deal”.

My thanks goes out to friend George Dunbar who shared his research with me.

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a little BIT more

Exakta VX IIa Shutter setting dial for B, T, Speeds c1958

Toronto. Over the years from photography’s beginning in 1839 to current times there have been a few trends. Cameras have gotten smaller. Images became more realistic beginning with monochrome photos across part of the visible spectrum, then across all of it (panchromatic), colour – first by hand then with rudimentary dyes trying to mimic life and finally digital colour covering a much wider gamut. Cameras and processes were very technical and difficult at first on down to so simple anyone can take a decent photo today. Media and lenses were dog slow at first, moving on to super fast media and fast lenses. Costs have continued to spiral downwards.

In a post a few days back called “why the tripod?” you met ‘B‘ and ‘I‘ – the Bulb and Instantaneous shutter settings used when dry plates came into vogue (c1870). The instantaneous setting bloomed as media increased in speed. ‘I‘ changed into a series of shutter speeds eventually reaching and exceeding 1/1000 second. And the Bulb setting, where you hold down the shutter release to keep the shutter open, was augmented by a ‘T‘ setting where you pressed the shutter release to open the shutter and then pressed it again to close the shutter. The ‘T‘ stands for Time (sometimes it was ‘Z‘ or Zeit which is Time in German).

Over the years after shutters came out, the shutter settings often reverted to eitherB‘ or ‘T‘ since the speed timed could be measured using either setting.

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Ted Catton (1941 – 2020)

Ted Catton (1941-2020)

Toronto. Sad to hear that Ted Catton died this past July. Ted was a regular at our Toronto meetings since joining the PHSC in 2008. He did some Show & Tell sessions, was a frequent contributor to all Q&A sessions, and a willing helper to others. He will be missed by the society. My thanks to president Clint Hryhorijiw for alerting me last week of Ted’s death.

His obituary, courtesy of the Toronto Star and Legacy reads, “CATTON, THEODORE (TED) WALTER 1941 – 2020. On July 20, 2020, Ted Catton died, not unexpectedly, but ever so reluctantly, in the loving and tender care of his family, just six days shy of his 79th birthday.

“Ted is survived by his dear wife Bev Rodegard and his three treasured daughters – Laura, Emily and Rebecca. As well, he leaves his siblings, James (Sandra), Valerie (John) and Barbara (Cam); sisters-in-law, Dorothy, Judy, and Linda (Richard). Ted is also fondly remembered by his many nieces, nephews, cousin Sue, and his 4-legged companion Sadie. Fondly remembered by dear friend Jim Jamieson. Predeceased by his father Ted and mother Pearl (nee Hartshorn).

“Ted’s early years were spent in The Beaches neighbourhood of Toronto before the family moved to Lambeth, where he attended local schools. He entered the University of Western Ontario in the Science department, graduating in 1965. Two years of employment as a food inspector helped him see a different light, and in 1968, he graduated from the Ontario College of Education. That September, he began his career teaching science and math with the Peel Board for two years before joining the Toronto Board for the remainder of his 42-year career.

“Ted particularly enjoyed teaching advanced mathematics during the summer to students who shared his love of math. Old teaching friends from Humberside Collegiate and Eastern Commerce Collegiate would fondly remark on his lengthy career…partly a result of venturing into being a family man late in life. Ted and his growing family had many remarkable trips together, including skiing in Ontario, Quebec and the northern U.S., camping, boating, and just plain vacationing in Canada and the United States. Each trip became both an expected and unexpected adventure, as he sought to include elements of his myriad interests into side trips to museums, galleries and exhibits that both dazzled and dazed his “girls”.

“Intensely interested in science, fascinated by math, intrigued by history, amazed by politics, loving life…Ted had many sidelines and hobbies. Herein, a short list: Ted was president of the Toronto branch of the Ontario Vintage Radio Association (OVRA) (and loved radios of all kinds); a longtime member of the Photographic Historical Society of Canada (and took great pains with his photographs); a member of Canadian Modeling Association for Meccano and Allied Systems (CMAMAS); an unpaid political commentator to anyone who would listen.

“Ted enjoyed watching a variety of sports, but his loyalty belonged to the Toronto Blue Jays and UWO Mustangs. He was very proud to tell people that his daughter Emily was born on the same day Joe Carter hit the iconic home run to bring home the World Series. Ted witnessed both events, though Emily defined the day. A gentle heart, an open mind, a family man, a life well-lived.

“Due to COVID-19, a private family service will take place on Thursday, July 30, 2020, at Cardinal Funeral Home, 92 Annette Street, Toronto, with private interment. In lieu of flowers, any donations you wish to make in memory of Ted may be made to The Dorothy Ley Hospice or St. Joseph’s Health Centre Foundation. A celebration of Ted’s life will be held at a later date, when restrictions have been lifted.”

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summer in the city

Toronto. Enjoying the balmy swelter of summer yet? Yesterday, members WITH an email address received another delightful special via pdf. It  is  the Photographic Canadiana edition 46-2 “Special Issue” dated July 2020 (although we usually take a break in the summer).

This 26 page marvel in full colour was envisioned by editor Bob Lansdale as his “Show and Tell in July” issue to create the excitement we all have at the annual December Show and Tell meeting in Toronto. A request for short, illustrated, articles on favourite items in member collections went out a few weeks ago and resulted in this issue (after careful scrutiny and layout by its protagonist, Mr Lansdale).

Drop me a line at info@phsc.ca if you are a member and haven’t received this special pdf edition. Not a member? Easy-peasy, just break out your plastic (VISA, MasterCard), follow the rules at the upper right of this page and sign up via PayPal (no PayPal account needed – we will pay the modest fee). Membership is an incredible bargain. Period!

NB. The title is from the 1966 song of the same name by the Lovin’ Spoonful. Groovy.

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at yer Beck and call …

Beck Cornex (image © 2014 – 2020 David Purcell)

Toronto. You may have come across a British camera called a Cornex or one by Houghton’s called a British Ensign. Both camera lines were made by a microscope manufacturer on Cornhill Street in London, England.

It was not uncommon for microscope makers to branch out into photographic lenses and even cameras (Leitz and Zeiss come to mind in Europe). The Smith and Beck company was founded in 1853 as the Lister Works after the famous surgeon. In 1865 the company moved to 31 Cornhill Street and became R & J Beck. The company became one of the most important firms in the British microscope industry.

Conrad Beck signed on in 1879 as an apprentice. Over the years he wrote or co-wrote numerous books and papers including Photographic Lenses – A Simple Treatise written jointly with Herbert Andrews. In 1881, the firm moved along Cornhill street to number 68. I have the 7th edition of this photography book which saw the light of day around 1920. A small catalogue at the end of the book covers the filters, lenses, and cameras sold by the company.

The above image is courtesy of David Purcell via www.redbellows.co.uk and looks much better than a black and white scan from my c1920 catalogue photo. For more material on R&J Beck, see “Notes on Modern Microscope Manufacturers” by the late Brian Bracegirdle.

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a photograph never lies …

Photo of new MP Rathika Sitsabaiesan. In retouched image (left) to meet government standards

Toronto. As a kid  some 70+ years ago, this was a common bromide, “a photograph never lies”.  As I grew older and learned to develop my own prints, I learned that photographs could and did lie!  Most negatives were simply retouched to change the contrast, but in some cases negatives too could be altered. And prints were an obvious target in the darkroom.

I have a large print of my maternal grand parents and mentioned one day that my grandfather had dressed up in his suit for the photo. Dad laughed. He said when the photo was taken, my grandfather was in overalls! The photographer changed the overalls to a suit. When the print was made and coloured, the photographer even added a gold chain as if my grandfather used or owned a pocket watch!

When I was older, I found I could add people to a print in the darkroom sometimes by double exposure and sometimes by carefully adding to the print and rephotographing. Never lies? Indeed!

Modern digital photos are far easier to retouch and fake  Heads from one photo can be added to another using photoshop after digitizing the two prints. Care makes it difficult to see the changes. The site, “Photo Tampering Throughout History“,  gives you an idea of how manipulation can occur and which popular images were modified to deceive the viewer or enhance the subject. While the site no longer verifies photographs, its gallery remains. You can check out photographs by year, and by type of manipulation.

Legitimate newspapers, TV stations, etc.  limit any digital corrections to exposure/contrast. Perhaps that is why we see so many tilted buildings on TV these days …

George Dunbar was kind enough to send me this link. He says, “This web site will be of interest to those who believe ‘a photograph never lies’. The site contains dozens of examples to prove the opposite. The Canadian House of Commons is included in the category of altered images.” Above, I show an example provided by George from the site.

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minicams and interchangeability

Leitz 135mm Elmar lens head made in 1931

Toronto. The 35mm cameras were off and running in the late 1920s. Leitz touted their Leica as a precision camera and set out to compete with the physically far bigger cameras of the day, claiming that a small negative could produce a suitable big print.

By 1930, Leitz bent to the suggestion to make its minicam with interchangeable lenses. One problem. Leitz had yet to standardize the film to lens flange distance which risked lenses that while interchangeable, would not necessarily focus to infinity.

This was solved by insisting any added lenses only be sold when the camera was sold. The lens serial number was engraved to match the camera serial number (first all 5 digits, and later the last 3 digits). By the following year the film – flange distance was standardized at 28.8 mm and the letter”O” was embossed at the top front of the flange to indicate a standard mount.

Then on any Leitz lens would fit any Leica. The lens shown in this post is an f/4.5 135mm Elmar made in early 1931 for a Leica camera with a serial number ending in 134. The lens design was possibly for a far bigger camera since the coverage far exceeds that needed for a 35mm camera. The special serial was engraved on the lens head mount and hidden by the focussing mount.

Leitz 135mm f/4.5 Elmar 1931

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swinging ’60s

A Polaroid Swinger ad c1966

Toronto. The swinging ’60s! What a glorious time to be alive! In that era Polaroid introduced it’s most popular camera of all, the Swinger. This simplified camera took black and white photos, developed outside the camera and gave you a print just 10 seconds after you snapped the shutter!

Squeeze and turn the shutter plunger and the built-in extinction meter tells you when the camera is correctly set. The lens is a simple one element meniscus. There is even a built-in flash for AG-1 bulbs. A plastic body and wrist cord made it attractive to the young and it competed well with Kodak’s offerings of the 1960s. The user manual is available through Mike Butkus’s site

Used, these cameras today are a dime a dozen (so many were made back then). Polaroid, like Kodak, probably made more profit from their film than the cheap cameras that consumed them. Modern day digital cameras and smart phones with instantaneous full colour images make the black and white 10 second prints of the 1960s seem very quaint and antiquated.

This ad from page 2 of the April 22, 1966 issue of LIFE magazine shows off the newly introduced Swinger. A big thank you is in order for fellow PHSC member George Dunbar who shared this bit of photographic history with me.

 

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why the tripod?

tools of the trade

Toronto. Did you ever wonder why so many old photos and drawings of cameras in use showed a tripod? Until the dry-plate era, the media were so insensitive that it took  seconds or minutes in bright light to record the latent image.

When dry-plates began to be popular (1870s and later), cameras needed a shutter, not just a hat or a lens cap and counting the time exposed. Rudimentary shutters showed I for instantaneous photographs and B for bulb or timed photographs. I was actually very slow by modern standards at somewhere between 1/5th and 1/15th second, fast enough to hand hold the camera in bright sunlight but too slow for the camera to capture motion (moving, walking, running, etc.).

The above photograph c1875 shows a typical camera and tripod of the time. My thanks to friend and PHSC member George Dunbar for sharing his find with me. The site “Fans in a Flashbulb” offers colouring book versions of this and other tintypes showing the tools of the trade in the late 1800s. The photos can be downloaded as a pdf and coloured at home in this COVID-19 era as “Fans” suggests.

 

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who you gonna call

GhostBusters

Toronto. was a line from the GhostBusters theme. Roy Parker Jr wrote the catchy little tune for the 1984 movie “GhostBusters” which became a popular computer game.

And for photo historians and photographica collectors these days it is indeed apt. The hey day of camera and photo collecting was arguable in the 1970s and 1980s. Lots of research; books were published on collecting; on popular camera makes; on processes; on history; etc.. Reprints of books and essays were offered to the eager buying public. Price guides appeared and were frequently updated. Online services like Ebay arrived. Garage sales were scoured for goods to be sold at camera fairs and auctions.

Today, interest has shifted to computers, digital games, and smart phones. Everyone and no one is a photographer. The bottom dropped out of the market for most film camera collections. So, if you have a curiosity; a question; then, “who you gonna call”? Your local photographic historical society, your local university, your local archives, your local library, or your local museum, that’s who! Continue reading

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