the progress of filmless …

Sony’s 1981 prototype of the Mavica camera

Toronto. In mid 2001, member George Dunbar downed his copyright interests and investigated what was to become the digital revolution. George wrote his article titled, “The Progress of Filmless …” for publication in issue 27-2 of the journal. Many of us were unaware of the impact (and speed) this revolution would have on the industry and its cameras or on the organizations devoted to camera collecting.

Around the late 1990s, a neighbour showed off his digital movie camera and its ability to save ‘stills’. It was the impetus we needed to search for a suitable “Digital Still Camera”. My wife was entranced by the Mavica from Sony and its choice of a floppy disk to save its images. I fancied the Fuji camera with its Leitz lens. At Vistek, we met Gary Perry and he introduced me to the Nikon Coolpix 900s. Its 1.3 megapixel images were superb for that size – I went home with my first Coolpix.

George’s extensive research culminated with his article which begins, “What began in the early 1980s is now recognized as the future of photography. New digital cameras are being introduced at a remarkable rate and there are now hundreds of models available in the marketplace.

“Today [late 2001], anyone entering the new dimension of digital photography will have a difficult time when faced with the overwhelming number of choices. It’s remarkable that the bulk of this revolution has taken place only in the last decade, although the first developments were slightly earlier.

“In this short space of time, it’s already evident that the beginnings of this phenomenon are obscure history. It’s my intention to look back and review some of the highlights. The Sony Mavica (acronym for magnetic video camera) Still Video Camera, announced in 1981, appears to be the first evidence of a product which became practical because of developments in video camcorders.

At one time, home-movie enthusiasts were captive to the 8mm film/cameras made popular by Kodak and marketed eventually by dozens of others. When the home video camcorder was introduced around 1980, the change-over from film to tape was extraordinary. Almost overnight 8 mm film stock disappeared from store shelves, movie cameras became $5.00 relics on flea market tables and the conversion to videotape was complete.

“I believe the abandonment of film by still photographers will be just as abrupt [we still have niche film users]. The first electronic still cameras (including the Mavica of 1981) were called still video because they simply were versions of the common TV camcorder (recording an analog signal) and built around the revolutionary charge-coupled device (CCD) technology.

“The early cameras were tested by news photographers allowing instant production of photographs for the media, but were found wanting because of poor image quality. The testing of improved products at events such as the Los Angeles Olympics (1984) and the first Bush inauguration (1989) as well as pressure from the media representatives, eventually led to the widespread acceptance of digital photography by newspapers.

“Although the first models were extremely expensive, they were quickly adopted. This review of the history of digital photography will concentrate primarily on the consumer camera market.”

George’s fully illustrated and well researched article is in the issue 27-2 pdf file on the free members only DVD/thumb drive. See ‘membership’ above or at right to join/renew. Email any questions to member@phsc.ca.

Our 2026 events are a great place to start or extend your collection of digital cameras. We are holding our Spring Fair on May 24th at Trident Hall. A poster and details will be pinned  to this site as the date nears.

 

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its a digital time after all …

a cluster of digital video cameras c2001

Toronto. In the fall of 2001 we recognized the potential impact of digital technology with the devotion of almost all of issue 27-2 to this new technology.

Probably to the surprise of many folk today, the initial impact was digital video cameras replacing the film movie cameras. The cover shot of this issue is in fact digital video cameras of the day. Hence the practice of prefacing digital still image files as DSC… initially (Digital Still Camera).

Editor Lansdale describes the cover shot as, “A selection of still video cameras is featured on the cover of this issue – see the story The Progress of Filmless Photography on page 4. Member George Dunbar delved through publications of the 1980s to search out data for a “time line”on what were the earliest of ‘digitals’ to reach the market. He found that many were publicized but not all attained fruition. It leaves the question open for others to pursue as to what variant models and unknown makers were in the field.”

You may find old digital cameras – video and still – at our 2026 events. Our spring fair for example, is planned for May 24th at Trident Hall (the week following Victoria long weekend), A poster and details will be pinned to this site as we near the date.

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Copy That II

talk on IP and Photography here in Toronto.

Toronto. Did you ever wonder about the old photos in your collection? Or what rights you have to what you believe is your (or someone’s) IP (Intellectual Property)?

If so, you may enjoy this online session on April 9th sponsored by PHOTOed magazine and the ALAS organization.

Intellectual Property Lawyer Riley Sun discusses topics such as:

  • Copyright fundamentals for photographic works
  • Ownership vs. licensing and what photographers control
  • Working with galleries, publishers, and collaborators
  • Reproductions, online sharing, and social media considerations
  • Tips for enforcement and responding to unauthorized use
  • Privacy and model releases
  • Emerging IP issues in the age of AI
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can she bake a cherry pie …

portrait of tattooed lady, Irene Woodward – photographer unknown

Toronto. Mike Lehr in New Jersey announced his latest auction (online) starts March 28th. The auction of old photos is called, “March 2026 Unreserved Photo Auction — Curiosities, Performers & Vernacular Photography“. Click on the link at left to register or see the catalogue.

Typical of the offering is the trimmed cabinet photograph of Ms Irene Woodward (lot 218). The items in the auction are all described. For example, this portrait is described as, “Trimmed cabinet card measuring 6″ x 4” studio portrait of a tattooed woman performe[r] Irene Woodward, also known as ‘La Belle Irene’.

Woodward, [was] one of the first and most successful tattooed ladies in circus and dime museum sideshows during the late 19th century. [Shown is] Woodward seated in stage costume, showing extensive tattooing on the arms and legs. The sitter wears a decorated bodice and headpiece and is posed in a studio interior with painted backdrop, carved furniture, and patterned floor covering. No photographer’s imprint visible.

“The portrait depicts a tattooed exhibition performer of the late nineteenth century, shown displaying decorative tattoo designs across the body.

“The reverse is signed in ink ‘Thyra Stone Woodward’ [can also be read as Wife Irene Woodward]”.

Image collectors can also see the full catalogue here. We often have old photographs at our events. The 2026 events include our spring fair scheduled for May 24th, at Trident Hall.

Note: The title of this post is a line from the child’s nursery rhyme, “Billy Boy“.

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I can see you clearly now …

the FODUA (known as FODIS with its case) was the first camera-based rangefinder from Leitz

Toronto. Leitz marketed this long base rangefinder in 1923 – before the Leica as announced. Earlier, Leitz made much larger rangefinders for specialized uses where precision distance measurement was critical.

After the original Leica cameras were marketed (fixed lens, viewfinder only) The FODIS could be clipped upright in the accessory shoe and adjusted so the large and small circular images of the desired subject coincided.

A few years later, Barnack decided to eliminate a step (transfer of the reading from the rangefinder wheel to the lens).  He has his staff design an even smaller rangefinder that was incorporated in the camera. As the Leica lens was focussed, a cam in the lens rotated a tiny prism to align the two rangefinder images. The photographer then had instant feed back that his subject was in sharp focus.

This neatly solved the distance setting allowing large aperture/large focal length lenses to be used on more expensive cameras. Some manufacturers could accommodate the Leitz rangefinder if it was calibrated for the different lens-subject design concept. A FODIS/FODUA intended for a specific non-Leitz make of camera, had the slight distance adjustment engraved on the wheel between the 1 metre/3 foot mark and the infinity mark.

At our 2026 events you may find a separate rangefinder or other item of interest to complement your collection. Our Spring Fair is scheduled to take place May 24th at the Trident Hall. I will pin details and poster to the top of the web site as we near the fair date.

NB. The title of this post was inspired by the 1972 Johny Nash song, “I Can See Clearly Now“.

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time to talk of many things …

the Washington Senators’ Herman Schaefer holds a massive 5×7 c1911 Graflex camera – see wikipedia for explanation/rights/etc.

Toronto. … of SLRs and TLRs and whether pigs have wings (with apologies to Lewis Carroll).

In an earlier post, I noted the introduction of film stopped the use of ground glass in the focal plane to frame and focus a subject.

Well, not really. Some clever folk came up with a way to redirect the rays from the subject to a ground glass to frame/focus and then to the light sensitive media for exposure. The most common way was with a mirror as in the 1911 SLR Graflex shown at left.

The minicam revolution  in the 1930s shifted emphasis to rangefinders and viewfinders initially. Only the Exakta chose the SLR route while Rollei went with the TLR idea. Of course after the Korean war everything changed and most more complex cameras went for the SLR concept.

Whether you hanker for that special SLR or TLR, visit our 2026 events – you will find lots to spark your interest (and perhaps even a rare model SLR or TLR). Our Spring Fair event takes place on May 24th at Trident Hall, a week after we celebrate Victorian Day weekend. As the date of the fair nears, we will pin details and a poster   to the top of this site.

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before auto focus II

a small distance scale representing the correct lens-film setting for the subject at that distance.

Toronto. In the late 1800s when film came along, a simple swapping of media/ground glass in the camera was no longer an option. Initially box camera designs were used with fixed lenses of small apertures/large f-stops allowing everything from 6-10 feet to infinity to be in focus which worked okay in bright sunlight.

To allow more sophisticated cameras to vary the aperture size/lighting, a scheme was worked out where the lens to film distance was changed and the distance displayed on a scale that matched the estimated camera to subject distance. The camera usually had a small viewfinder to set the framing of the subject.

You may find a box camera design or one of the distance setting ‘rack and pinion’ style cameras (eg a Kodak folder) at a 2026 PHSC event like the Spring Fair. The Fair arrives at the Trident Hall May 24th. A poster and directions will be pinned to the top of this site as we approach the date.

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before auto-focus – I

old ground glass magnifiers – left by T.T.&H. and right by C.P. Goerz

Toronto. Before auto focus came along, photographers needed to both frame and focus the subject as well as decide on the best exposure (shutter speed/lens aperture/lighting). With the digital technology of today, many folks don’t even think about focussing.

For most of the 1800s, photography was based on sensitized metal or glass plates, allowing framing and focussing on a ground glass placed in the focal plane. Once framed/focussed, the ground glass was replaced by a solid plate holding the sensitive media in the focal plane.

In the days of ground glass cameras, many photographers resorted to dark cloths over themselves and their camera, the better to see the upside-down image on the ground glass.

To aid the poorly sighted, or to just make sure the right subject plane was in sharp focus, lens makers offered small brass magnifiers such as those shown here. These little gadgets could be easily moved around on the ground glass. Their slight magnification (about 5X at most) would allow a more precise adjustment of the lens/focal plane distance. Usually the photographer’s eye-sight could be corrected by turning the eye-piece so it was closer or farther to/from the ground glass.

The picture at left of the TT&H and Goerz magnifiers was taken with an iPhone 16 under a LED light with no regard for focussing – just framing.

You may spot these magnifiers – or other interesting items at our 2026 events. The Spring Fair is being held at the Trident Hall on Sunday, May 24th, a week after Victoria day here in Ontario. A poster and directions will be pinned to this site as we near the fair date.

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open wide, wider

a brass Zeiss Nr I Protar 85mm focal length f/18 lens a bit wider in diameter than a Loonie

Toronto. As a camera collector, old lenses have always been an interest – especially wide angle lenses such as the Protar at left or the Pantoscop by Emil Busch.

The traditional ‘portrait’ lens is a medium Telephoto. The focal length depends on the frame size (eg. 90mm for a 1×1.5 inch 35mm negative).  The chosen focal length gives the expected facial proportions in a portrait. A longer focal length “flattens” the face while a shorter focal length makes facial features somewhat disproportionate and sometimes if tilted can exaggerate features with geometric distortion.

However; lenses like the Protar line, the Pantoscop and similar lenses are essential for capturing landscapes and groups closer to the camera. I made the majority of  my film shots using a 35mm lens on my Leica. Smartphone lenses are usually described in the 35mm camera equivalent. The common “lens” for the smart phone was 35mm equivalent. More recent models like the iPhone 16 use even shorter focal lengths causing some strange geometric distortion if the photos are not taken with greater care.

Visit our 2026 events and hopefully discover old lenses like these – or other items attractive to your eye. Our Spring Fair is scheduled for May 24th at the Trident Hall (Islington and Evans) in Toronto. As we get closer to the date, I will pin details and a poster to the top of this Web site.

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not so far, far, away

Big Bertha 5×7 Graflex with 36 inch lens at Spring 2006 Fair

Toronto. I took this shot a couple of decades ago at our Fair in 2006. Along with cameras, I collected lenses, books, brochures, etc, that offered information on the history of photography.

I imagine other camera collectors collect lenses too, sometimes special lenses suitable for wide angles like the old Protar line, and others of the telephoto persuasion.

This monster combination was used to capture close-ups of participants in sporting events. Others used these specialty lenses for wild animal  photography. The photo at left was shot at our Spring Fair in 2006. Shown is M. Renaud Therrien of Montreal with his c1930 Graflex “Big Bertha”. The camera takes 5×7 plates and has a 36 inch f/6.3 telephoto lens attached.

These newer lenses are ‘future’ collectibles – and now that we are well into the digital era, the film camera and telephotos like this example are/are about to become collectibles.

Add these lenses or other interesting items to your collection by attending our 2026 events. For example, our Spring Fair is set for May 24th at the Trident Hall in southwest Toronto. As we get closer to the date, I will pin a poster and details to the top of this web site.

 

 

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