THE PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Notman's World (1989)

Albert Kish, Director

NFB Director Albert Kish. Click for bio.

Born and educated in Hungary, Albert Kish arrived in Canada in 1957 and for a number of years worked as a stills photographer and free-lance filmmaker. In 1964 he joined the CBC editing department in Toronto and rose to the position of Senior Film Editor by 1966. His move to the National Film Board in 1967 broadened his expertise as a film director.


One of the benefits of viewing films at the Toronto International Film Festival is the opportunity to meet some of the directors and stars and hear first hand how they conceived and shot their latest film. In a similar fashion we met NFB director Albert Kish and viewed his 1989 documentary 'Notman's World', one of 31 films he created for the National Film Board during his career.

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While visiting Rome, and viewing its history through its famous architecture, Albert recalled seeing the Notman images and came up with the idea of using those images to tell the story of the birth of Canada.

Notman's World begins with a brief recap of the evolution of photographic processes woven in with background on Notman. For example, to illustrate the daguerreotype process, Kish includes a daguerreotype of Notman taken on his wedding day. Notman received lessons in art in his native Scotland before coming to Montreal and founding his famous studios. The first daguerreotypes were too slow to record portraits, but within a very few years, improvements in the process coupled with the creation of the Petzval portrait lens allowed a portrait to be taken in as little as ten seconds. A daguerreotype portrait for 25 cents was within the means of most people whereas a painted portrait was too expensive (scientist Francis Galton noted in a 1905 issue of Nature that his portrait took about 20,000 brush strokes to complete over a period of five days).


When Notman was at his peak, he used wet plate and later dry plate processes. Both these systems allowed numerous prints to be made from a single negative. Earlier Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes where one-off processes. If you wanted a second image, you had to have your portrait taken again. To keep track of his images (some 400,000 in the Montreal studio alone), Notman created some 200 books of sample prints (12 prints to the page), all annotated and serial numbered. Even today, the subject of most of his prints can be identified by the serial number since his negatives, prints and records were donated to McGill's McCord Museum in the 1950s and have been carefully indexed and archived.

Notman's images show mid 1800s Montreal and its strong business class and a rapidly expanding economy. At the time, Montreal was about 60% English speaking ( most of the business and well-to-do class). Notman himself was an astute businessman. For example, he made stereo photographs of the construction of the Victoria bridge in Montreal and created two portfolios carefully housed in custom made maple boxes. The portfolios contained copies of the stereo views plus other Canadian scenes including ten mammoth 18 x 24 inch contact images. The portfolios were intended for Queen Victoria, to be delivered by the Prince of Wales while he was in Montreal for the opening of the Victoria bridge. Notman anticipated this gift would enhance his reputation in the world. It resulted in his prestigious designation of 'Photographer to the Queen' which he had engraved over the door of his Montreal studio!

Wealthy families in England sent second sons to Montreal for military duty prompting a heavy demand for portraits and scenes to send back home. England was fascinated with its rugged colony in North America. While still using the slow labour intensive wet-plate process, Notman was taking 14,000 portraits a year. To attain this volume, he hired staff, Notman took portraits of the wealthy and well known, and leaving his staff to photograph the rest of his clients.

Most of Notman's work recorded success and spectacular landscapes, not the disasters and hardships that could and did befall the unwary and unlucky in the unforgiving climate of Canada. He took portraits of workmen and others who caught his eye and he produced a whole series on native peoples -- another favourite subject in far away England.

Notman's work included recording the opening of the west for the CPR, images that encouraged travel west by railway and attracted settlers to the prairies. Notman was known for his creation of elaborate, carefully coordinated, montages – the only means at the time to record social events involving hundreds of people using the slow plates and cameras of the era. Notman recorded each person, in costume and carefully posed, in his studio. The images were suitably re-sized and positioned in the montage.


Kish noted that there were enough images from the Montreal studio alone to support another two or three films on Notman without duplicating a single print. Notman studios reached a peak of some nineteen or more branches in Eastern Canada and New England. Antique shops in England are presently a great source of Notman images since so many were sent back home by wandering sons. Lorne Shields reminded the audience that the McCord welcomes gifts of images since the better quality images went to Notman's customers and are now out in private collections, antique shops, etc.


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Albert gracefully shared a synopsis of the creative process he used to make the film. Starting with the idea he had in Rome, he obtained financial support to make the film, then began with a selection of photos from the McCord. He did not use a formal script, but instead let the images tell the story and kept an open mind, willing to adopt suggestions and drop ideas as the filming progressed.

The film benefited from the choice of people well versed in the Notman images and Victorian era Canada. The McCord Museum and its holdings were introduced by Stanley Triggs. The voice over on the images featured Montreal historian Graeme Decarie with help from Nora Hague of the McCord and Roseina Fontein.

Kish chose images with sufficient detail to let him animate them with zooms and pans. He interviewed people one-on-one while they viewed the images and recorded their opinions. Selections from the recorded interviews were used in the film. Kish was careful to keep a fine balance – enough information to inform without losing the general audience not interested in details (eg how to make a daguerreotype, the mechanics of the lumber trade, creating composite images). Editing this raw material provided the sequence and the right weight and emphasis to convey the story of the birth of Canada through the eyes of Notman and tools of photography.


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Our Program Chairman Clint Hryhorijiw collects Notman images. He generously brought a fine selection of larger examples from his collection to complement the film and discussion (He did make an announcement that the pictures were not door prizes).


The images from Notman's World were captured from the screen with a Nikon Coolpix 990 and adjusted and sized in Photoshop CS. Clicking the images will bring up an enlarged version. All images from the movie are copyright the NFB. Other images on this page are copyright PHSC or Robert Lansdale and may be used with permission. Questions? Please contact me at info@phsc.ca.

Robert Carter

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